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核桃仁

时间：2019-12-16 12:36:42　编辑：搜集于网络　 手机版　
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　　核桃仁
　　SemenJuglandis
　　(英)WalnutSeed
　　【别名】　胡桃仁。

　　【来源】　为胡桃科植物胡桃JuglansregiaL.的种子。

　　【植物形态】　落叶乔木。羽状复叶互生；小叶5～9，对生，卵形、椭圆形或椭圆状卵形，长6～15cm，宽3～6cm，先端尖，全缘。花单性同株，与叶同时开放；雄？荑花序下垂，花密生，雄蕊6～30；雌花序簇生，直立，生于幼枝的顶端，有花1～3，子房下位，密被毛。核果近球形，外果皮肉质，绿色；内果皮骨质，坚硬，有不规则的浅沟。花期5月，果期10月。
　　生于较湿润的肥沃肥沃土壤中，多栽培于平地或丘陵地带。主产河北、北京、山西、山东。

　　【采制】　9～10月采收果实，除去肉质果皮，敲破果壳取出种子。

　　【性状】　完整种子类球表，由两片呈脑状的子叶构成，直径1～3cm，凹凸不平，表面淡棕色或深棕色，种皮菲薄，有深色脉纹，一端有三角状突起的胚根，大多破碎成规则块状，乳白色或黄白色，富油质。味微香甜；种皮微涩。

　　【化学成分】　含脂肪油，主成分为亚油酸、油酸、亚麻酸的甘油酯；另含蛋白质、碳水化合物、α-及γ-维生素E、维生素B2。

　　【性味】　性温，味甘。

　　【功能主治】　温补肺肾，定喘润肠。用于肾虚腰痛、脚软、虚寒喘咳、大便燥结。
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